D. Because the distance between the sun and the e change in the course of a year--owing to the elliptical orbit--the diameter of the sun appears to change in the sky. (That is what you are referring to when you say "apparent angular diameter."

When the northern hemisphere of the earth is in summer, the earth is actually farther from the sun in this elliptical orbit. Therefore it would be during this season that you'd expect the sun to appear larger. (And if you're asked whether the seasons are caused by the earth being closer or farther from the sun, the answer is NO. The seasons are caused by the axis tilt of the earth.)

Note that the diff is actually quite small. In general, the sun and the moon each have an angular dia of abt one half a degree. Because these 2 diameters are so similar, we can get perfect solar eclipses.

b. fifty 3 stages north interior the northern hemisphere the altitude of Polaris is often equivalent to the stages from the flat plane crossing the observers eyes and the line of sight from the eyes to Polaris.

A